Assistant Professor, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics
B.A., Harvard College
Ph.D., University of California San Francisco
Neurons are unusual cells: We’re born with them and keep the same ones for life, with no possibility of replacement or regeneration. This creates unique pressures on how their genes are switched on and off. Many neuronal genes are extraordinarily long, stretching over 100,000 DNA nucleotides, which makes them hard for the cell to read. They also sit in a precarious spot in the genome, right at the border between “open” DNA that can be read, and tightly packed “silent” DNA. This puts them at constant risk of being silenced, especially during development, when such mistakes can have lifelong consequences.
My lab studies a family of genes that evolved from ancient “jumping genes,” or transposable elements, that we are finding help keep vulnerable neuronal genes readable and expressed in the developing brain. One example is POGZ, a gene evolved from a transposon 500 million years ago that is mutated in White-Sutton syndrome, a syndromic form of intellectual disability. We think these repurposed ancient genes act as protectors, shielding the long, fragile genes neurons depend on to build and wire the brain.